托馬斯·霍布斯
英國政治家、哲學(xué)家
The obligation of subjects to the sovereign is understood to last as long, and no longer, than the power lasteth by which he is able to protect them.
臣民對主權(quán)者的義務(wù)，只要主權(quán)者能保護他們，就持續(xù)存在，否則就不再存在。
No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.
沒有藝術(shù)；沒有文學(xué)；沒有社會；最糟糕的是，持續(xù)的恐懼和暴死的危險；人的生活孤獨、貧困、卑污、殘忍而短壽。
The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.
人的狀況...是一種每個人對每個人的戰(zhàn)爭狀況。
Nature hath made men so equal in the faculties of body and mind， as that though there be found one man sometimes manifestly stronger in body or of quicker mind than another， yet when all is reckoned together the difference between man and man is not so considerable as that one man can thereupon claim to himself any benefit to which another may not pretend as well as he.
To this war of every man against every man， this also in consequent； that nothing can be unjust.The notions of right and wrong， justice and injustice， have there no place.Where there is no common power， there is no law: where no law， no injustice.
No arts； no letters； no society； and which is worst of all， continual fear and danger of violent death； and the life of man， solitary， poor， nasty， brutish， and short.
Man is not by nature a social animal.
Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues.
A covenant not to defend myself from force， by force， is always void.
Noman giveth to himself that liberty， to take from himself his life， or any part thereof.
Fear of things invisible is the natural seed of that which everyone in himself calls religion.
A commonwealth is said to be instituted when a multitude of men do agree， and covenant， every one， with every one， that to whatsoever man， or assembly of men， shall be given by the major part， the right to present the person of them all， that is to say， to be their representative.
The right of nature...is the liberty each man hath to use his own power as he will himself for the preservation of his own nature.
The condition of mere nature...is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.