格奧爾格·齊美爾
德國社會學家、哲學家
現(xiàn)代性的本質是心理主義，即根據(jù)我們內心生活的反應來體驗和解釋世界，確實作為一個內心世界，將固定內容溶解在靈魂的流動元素中，從中過濾出所有實質性的東西，其形式僅僅是運動的形式。
The individual has become a mere cog in an enormous organization of things and powers which tear from his hands all progress, spirituality, and value in order to transform them from their subjective form into the form of a purely objective life.
Money is concerned only with what is common to all: it asks for the exchange value, it reduces all quality and individuality to the question: How much?
The stranger is close to us, insofar as we feel between him and ourselves common features of a national, social, occupational, or generally human, nature. He is far from us, insofar as these common features extend beyond him or us, and connect us only because they connect a great many people.
The deepest problems of modern life derive from the claim of the individual to preserve the autonomy and individuality of his existence in the face of overwhelming social forces, of historical heritage, of external culture, and of the technique of life.
The stranger is an element of the group itself, not unlike the poor and sundry 'inner enemies'—an element whose membership within the group involves both being outside it and confronting it.
陌生人是群體本身的一個元素，與窮人和各種“內部敵人”并無不同——一個在群體中的成員身份既涉及在其外部又涉及面對它的元素。
The individual has become a mere cog in an enormous organization of things and powers which tear from his hands all progress, spirituality, and value in order to transform them from their subjective form into the form of a purely objective life.
The stranger is close to us, insofar as we feel between him and ourselves common features of a national, social, occupational, or generally human, nature. He is far from us, insofar as these common features extend beyond him or us, and connect us only because they connect a great many people.
Money is concerned only with what is common to all: it asks for the exchange value, it reduces all quality and individuality to the question: How much?
The metropolis exacts from man as a discriminating creature a different amount of consciousness than does rural life.
The problem of the modern individual is not that he has too little choice, but that he has too much.
The problem of the modern individual is not that he has too little choice, but that he has too much.
現(xiàn)代個人的問題不是選擇太少，而是選擇太多。
The individual has to fashion himself out of the material given by his culture.
個人必須從他的文化提供的材料中塑造自己。
The metropolis has always been the seat of the money economy.
The development of modern culture is characterized by the predominance of what one might call the objective spirit over the subjective spirit.
現(xiàn)代文化的發(fā)展特點是一個人可能稱之為客觀精神對主觀精神的支配。
The essence of modernity is psychologism, the experiencing and interpretation of the world in terms of the reactions of our inner life and indeed as an inwardness.