杰瑞米·邊沁
功利主義倫理學(xué)說的創(chuàng)始人和代表人物
It is vain to talk of the interest of the community， without understanding what is the interest of the individual.
Every law is an infraction of liberty.
The said truth is that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.
The greatest happiness which can happen to any country is the taking of the supreme power out of the hands of the governing few and putting it into the hands of the governed many.
The community is a fictitious body， composed of the individual persons who are considered as constituting as it were its members.
Pleasures， then， and the avoidance of pains， are the ends that the legislator has in view.
It is the greatest good to the greatest number of people which is the measure of right and wrong.
The principle of asceticism never was， nor ever can be， consistently pursued by any living creature.
The question is not， Can they reason？ nor， Can they talk？ but， Can they suffer？
It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.
Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters， pain and pleasure.
談?wù)撋鐓^(qū)的利益而不了解個人的利益是徒勞的。
每一條法律都是對自由的侵犯。
事實是，最多人的最大幸福是衡量對與錯的標準。
對于任何國家來說，最大的幸福是將最高權(quán)力從少數(shù)統(tǒng)治者手中收回，交到眾多被統(tǒng)治者手中。
社會是一個虛構(gòu)的團體，由被視為其成員的個人構(gòu)成。
因此，樂趣和避免痛苦是立法者所考慮的目標。
對最多人的最大利益是衡量對與錯的標準。
The principle of asceticism never was， nor ever can be， consistently pursued by any living creature.
禁欲主義原則從來沒有被任何生物一貫堅持過，也永遠不會被如此堅持。
問題不是，它們能否思考？也不是，它們能否言語？而是，它們能否受苦？