庫爾特·考夫卡
格式塔理論系統(tǒng)化者
The organism does not perceive stimuli, but objects in their environments.
有機(jī)體感知的不是刺激，而是環(huán)境中的物體。
What is real is what is effective.
真實(shí)的就是有效的。
The properties of the whole are not deducible from the properties of the parts.
整體的屬性不能從部分的屬性中推導(dǎo)出來。
The transition from chaos to order is the essence of perception.
從混沌到秩序的轉(zhuǎn)變是感知的本質(zhì)。
The world is given to me only once, not one existing and one perceived.
世界只給予我一次，不是存在一個(gè)又感知一個(gè)。
The map is not the territory.
地圖不是領(lǐng)土。
Behavior is a function of the field at the time the behavior occurs.
行為是行為發(fā)生時(shí)場(chǎng)域的函數(shù)。
The environment is not a mosaic of stimuli, but a field of forces in which every part is dynamically related to every other part.
環(huán)境不是刺激的馬賽克，而是一個(gè)力場(chǎng)，其中每個(gè)部分都與其他部分動(dòng)態(tài)相關(guān)。
Psychology is a science, and teaching is an art; and sciences never generate arts directly out of themselves.
心理學(xué)是科學(xué)，教學(xué)是藝術(shù)；科學(xué)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)直接從自身產(chǎn)生藝術(shù)。